"Bauhaus" is a short name for the ''Staatliches Bauhaus'', an art and architecture school in Germany operational from 1919 to 1933. It was one of the most influential strands that constitute what is known as Modernism in architecture.

The school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar in 1919, by merging the Grand Ducal School of the Plastic Arts with the Kunstgewerberschule.Most of the contents of the workshops had been sold off during the war.The early intention was that the Bauhaus should be a combined architecture school, crafts school, and an academy of the arts.This was a basis of much internal and external conflict that followed.

Gropius felt that a new period of history had begun with the end of World War I, and wanted to create a new architectural style to reflect this new era. His style for architecture as well as consumer goods was to be functional, cheap and intended for mass production. For that purpose Gropius wanted to re-unite art and craft to arrive at high-end functional products with artistic pretensions. He was the head of the school from 1919-1928, followed by Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

The Bauhaus was largely subsidized by the early Weimar Republic.After a change in government, the school moved to Dessau in 1925, where the Bauhaus University was built. In 1927, the Bauhaus style and its most famous architects influenced heavily the exhibition "Die Wohnung" ("The flat" ) organized by "Deutscher Werkbund" in Stuttgart. A major component of that exhibition was the Weissenhof Estate.

[Image Temporarily Omitted]

[Image Temporarily Omitted]

The Bauhaus was moved again in 1932 to Berlin.

The school was closed on the orders of the Nazi regime in 1933. The Nazis had been opposed to the Bauhaus throughout the 1920s, as had other right-wing political groups.The Bauhaus was considered by them to be a front for communists, especially because many Russian artists were involved with it.Nazi writers such as Wilhelm Frick and Alfred Rosenberg felt that the Bauhaus was "un-German," and did not approve of its modernist styles.However, the Bauhaus had a major impact on art and architecture trends in western Europe and the United States in the following decades, as many of the artists involved were exiled under the Nazi regime.

The school was mainly concerned with architecture, and often built affordable public housing for the Weimar government, but also dealt with other branches of art. The Bauhaus issued a magazine called "Bauhaus" and a series of books called "Bauhausbücher". Its head of printing and design was Herbert Bayer.

One of the main objectives of the Bauhaus was to unify art, craft and technology. The machine was considered a positive element and therefore industrial and product design were important components. "Vorkurs"- literally 'before course' was taught; this is the modern day "Basic Design" course that has become one of the key foundational courses offered in architectural schools all over the world. There was no teaching of history in the school because everything was supposed to be designed and created by first principles rather than through precedent.

The most important contribution of Bauhaus is in the field of furniture design. The world famous and ubiquitous chair design- the Cantilever chair by designer Mart Stam using the tensile properties of steel is an example.

Inspired the International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus which existed from 1953 to 1957

Some other outstanding artists of the times were lecturers at the Bauhaus :

* Josef Albers

* Marcel Breuer

* Lyonel Feininger

* Johannes Itten

* Wassily Kandinsky

* Paul Klee

* Gerhard Marcks

* László Moholy-Nagy

* Georg Muche

* Hinnerk Scheper

* Oskar Schlemmer

* Joost Schmidt

* Lothar Schreyer

* Gunda Stölzl

* Marianne Brandt

References

References include:

* ''The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer'' ISBN 0-8195-4047-1

Related topics

* Typography

* Jan Tschichold

External links

*Bauhaus Museum in Weimar

*Some images of Bauhaus fonts

*Bauhaus-archiv in Berlin

*Foundation bauhaus dessau

*Weissenhof Estate Stuttgart

"Bauhaus" was also the name of a British band in the 1980s - see Bauhaus (band) & Gothic rock

Category:Architecture

Category:Modern art

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html for details. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Bauhaus.

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 Bauhaus in the News
1. Today in History - July 19 - 18 Jul 04 - ABC News
Today in History - July 19

2. Unesco celebrates Tel Aviv - 08/06/2004 - BBC News
A city built by refugees from Nazi Germany joins the list of world heritage sites.

3. Excerpt: 'Antique Roadshow Collectibles' - 06 Nov 03 - ABC News
Excerpt: 'Antique Roadshow Collectibles'

4. Towering planks of glass and steel - 03/11/2003 - BBC News
Alistair looks at the changing face of US architecture and considers the destruction of Pennsylvania Station, which was based on Roman architecture.

5. Seattle set for coffee tax poll - 16/09/2003 - BBC News
Voters decide whether to slap a 10 cent tax on espresso-style coffee to raise extra funds for childcare.

6. Jail cells 'made from modern art' - 28/03/2003 - BBC News
A Spanish art historian finds evidence suggesting Civil War jail cells were built like a Dali or Kandinsky painting, in order to torture prisoners.

7. Battle to save Dresden's treasures - 15/08/2002 - BBC News
Rescuers rush art works to higher floors as floodwater strikes ornate Baroque buildings restored after wartime bombing.

8. Klee displays modern magic - 21/01/2002 - BBC News
Artist Paul Klee's show at the Hayward Gallery emphasises the lyrical side of the respected modernist's work.

9. Life's a Gamble ! - 06/06/2001 - BBC News
During the 1970 's British general election Alistair places an unlikely bet.

10. A capital offence case - 20/10/2000 - BBC News
Company names, signs, TV shows - all have begun to ignore the rules of grammar. What is happening to our capital letters?

11. Ikea's self-assembled billionaire - 28/07/2000 - BBC News
Ikea founder Ingvar Kamprad decrees that whichever of his sons fares best in business will succeed to the vast family fortune.

12. Kandinsky: Driven to abstraction - 14/04/1999 - BBC News
Thousands of people have been to see the Royal Academy's Monet exhibition. How does its new show of the work of Monet-admirer Kandinsky compare?

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 Bauhaus on the Web
1. Welcome to the official bauhaus web site
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2. Artcyclopedia: The bauhaus School
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3. bauhaus-archiv museum für gestaltung
Das bauhaus-Archiv Berlin erforscht, dokumentiert und präsentiert die Geschichte des bauhauses (1919-1933), der bedeutendsten Schule für Architektur, Design ...
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4. bauhaus WEIMAR DESSAU 1919-1933
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Das bauhaus-Archiv Berlin erforscht, dokumentiert und präsentiert die Geschichte des bauhauses (1919-1933), der bedeutendsten Schule für Architektur, Design und Kunst im 20. Jahrhundert. Es besitzt die weltweit umfangreichste bauhaus-Sammlung.
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6. Germany Today - The bauhaus School - General Information
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8. bauhaus-archiv museum of design
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9. bauhaus Dessau Foundation
information on the educational programme as well as current exhibition and events calendar.
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10. bauhaus dessau
bauhaus Dessau Foundation. service@bauhaus-dessau.de. CURRENT INFORMATION. 3. International bauhaus Award 2004 (call for entries) International Building Exhibition "Urban Redevelopment" 2010. in Saxony-Anhalt
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12. Germany Today - The bauhaus School - General Information
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14. bauhaus-Universität Weimar
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15. The bauhaus
An illustrated history by Greg Flores of the new art school formed in Post World War One Germany,...www2.ucsc.edu/people/gflores/bauhaus/b1.html - Páginas similares Das bauhaus1918-33. [Postkarte: Lucia Moholy "Doppelwohnhaus der bauhaus-Meistersiedlung Dessau", 1926] [Broschüre: "Die ... 1930]. Das bauhaus. 1919 ...
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17. ArtLex on the bauhaus
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18. bauhaus.com [intellectual property architects]
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19. Yahoo! Directory Art History > bauhaus
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20. Introduction to the bauhaus in Weimar (1919-25) and Dessau (1925 ...
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